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0:04 This is the NOAA Ocean Podcast. 0:06 I'm your host, Alison Burrell. 0:09 Throughout our coasts and Great Lakes lie myriad shipwrecks, some still yet to be found. 0:15 The focus today is the USS Monitor, where its resting place serves as the first U.S. 0:21 National Marine Sanctuary. 0:23 Let's go back in time to the U.S. 0:25 Civil War in 1862. 0:27 The USS Monitor, a first of its kind Civil War ironclad, had, 0:32 sinks 16 miles off the coast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. 0:36 We are joined in the studio by maritime archaeologist Tawny Casserly from the Office 0:41 of National Marine Sanctuaries whose specialties include 19th century warships and deepwater archaeology. 0:48 In the first of two episodes, we discuss the history of the USS Monitor, its legacy, 0:54 and why it is still important today. 0:56 Now let's dive in. 1:03 I'd like to welcome our guest, Tani Casterly. 1:07 Thanks for joining us at the NOAA Ocean Podcast. 1:10 I'm excited to be here. 1:11 Thank you for having me. 1:12 First of all, why do we study shipwrecks? 1:15 It's a good question. 1:16 Why do we study shipwrecks? 1:18 And I look at shipwrecks is that they're a window to our past. 1:23 Now it could be a window looking through the technology because oftentimes when you look at ships back 1:29 to the age of antiquity, those were almost sort of the spaceships of their time, right? 1:32 The technological marvels, what they're able to do, 1:35 but they're also windows back into people's lives and their cultures. 1:38 So it's almost any angle you want to take with it, you can learn something from these shipwrecks as we study them. 1:44 We're talking about this amazing ship, the Monitor. 1:48 Why is this shipwreck significant? 1:50 What's the history behind this, I'm guessing, well-preserved shipwreck? 1:56 Well, first, it's a technological marvel. 1:59 Monitor was a prototype. 2:01 It was the first of its kind ever, and it's basically the ancestor of every modern naval vessel today. 2:06 And it goes back to, you know, if you think about the way ships might be in the age of sail, right? 2:12 You've got the tall ships and all of these guns. 2:15 But when the ship goes down, it's fighting another vessel, 2:19 the entire ship has to turn because the guns are pointing out from the sides of it. 2:24 So you go forward, you turn, you fire. 2:27 So that was done for hundreds of years, 2:30 but what made Monitor unique was it now separated the movement of the gun from the movement of the vessel. 2:37 So the vessel could be in any orientation and because Monitor had the world's first revolving gun turret 2:43 that went into battle, it was able to move in any direction as well. 2:47 So that was a huge marker in the change of these technologies. 2:51 And also we can't forget that it's a transition from that wooden warship, those wooden walls, 2:57 it's now iron and metal, which is modern naval warfare. 3:01 So the design of the monitor is very unique for its time. 3:06 And this was during the civil war in the late 1800s, right? 3:11 1861 is when it was being built and it was launched in 1862. 3:16 So why was this particular ironclad ship built? 3:20 Because there's a great story behind that the concept of an iron warship wasn't new 3:26 at the time people were experimenting with this and they knew that 3:30 Iron much like armor on a knight and there's sort of medieval days with it protected the person inside 3:35 So these iron warships did the same thing So we really get into the industrial age and right, 3:42 you know late 1700s early early 1800s We're able to manufacture these things we can create iron plate, right? 3:49 we developed riveting so now these big metal plates could be held together. 3:54 It was a concept that was known but not a lot of people had adopted it because also it's very expensive to do this. 4:00 In the early 1860s, 1861, 4:05 the south was moving back up into Virginia to these northern union held lands, right? 4:12 So they came into an area known as Portsmouth, Virginia, 4:14 which is here in port navy yard the union knew this was happening and 4:22 they didn't want the south to get any of their equipment supplies or ships right so they what 4:27 they couldn't take with them they destroyed they left cannons they destroyed them they left gunpowder 4:32 they blew it up they had naval stores like food and rations burned them and they just so happened 4:38 to have a vessel that was being repaired 4:40 the uss marimac an older steam frigate at dock it was under repairs they weren't able to move it so 4:46 they decide to burn that ship at the dock and sink it. 4:50 So the belief is, don't let the South get it. 4:53 But the South knew that the ship was there and they already had plans on how to adapt, 4:59 if they could get themselves hold of a Union vessel or something that size, 5:04 how they could adapt that ship into an ironclad because they didn't have the industrial base 5:07 to really build these things like the North did. 5:09 So they had to adapt and overcome. 5:11 So that's what they did. 5:12 So they see that vessel there, they raise it, 5:15 they put into dry dock and essentially from the water line up 5:18 they totally rebuild it into this confederate monster 200 plus feet long iron plated just unstoppable 5:26 force and that's the USS Virginia 5:29 yeah well so that's so when the south was rebuilding it that's when we think that rebuilding time 5:36 we start calling it the CSS Virginia because it has fundamentally changed at that point. 5:40 Oh CSS, the confederate. 5:42 The confederate stage ships. 5:44 The South were building this because it was unstoppable. 5:49 The unit had nothing that could go against it. 5:51 So they knew that like on a naval front with tactics they had a weapon. 5:56 But they also used propaganda. 5:59 There were drawings of things of this ship being built. 6:02 It wasn't a secret it was being built. 6:03 The North knew it. 6:05 They hurriedly put together under Abraham Lincoln's guidance, 6:08 the ironclad board to take in designs to something that could counter that Confederate threat. 6:13 What can counter that CSS Virginia that's being built? 6:17 And the design that eventually made it through was the monitor. 6:21 This crazy unique thing that's never been seen before. 6:25 Monitor was a prototype we can't forget. 6:26 Nothing like it's been built before. 6:29 And that's what they put forward to battle the Virginia. 6:32 They're building the monitor in response to the South building this half submersible. 6:39 Yeah and imagine these poor guys right who are used to working on open decks, working the mass of the sails, 6:45 the open air. 6:46 Now they're told you're gonna work in this what looks like to be an iron coffin. 6:50 You can't see the sky. 6:52 It's hot and you just hope to all the heaven above that you don't sink because this thing is 6:58 so strange looking but they did they all volunteered to do it. 7:02 I bet there wasn't very good airflow down there. 7:05 It had some force ventilators and things, but it took a little adapting things to make sure we had some good airflow. 7:11 So it was a little stuffy and it could be very hot at times. 7:15 The history behind the monitor is so interesting. 7:18 And I'm just curious, because this is during the Civil War period, 7:22 were there any notable historical figures associated with this ship that we might be familiar with? 7:28 Yeah, well, the most exciting one was President Abraham Lincoln. 7:32 So he visited the ship twice, So he actually walked the decks. 7:35 He was on it. 7:35 He went inside. 7:36 He went into the engine room And it's really because this ship was so incredible. 7:40 It was so different. 7:41 It instantly became an icon Of course after the battle of Hampton Roads where the union says, 7:46 you know The monitor won the battle Abraham Lincoln has go down there to see that ship and to praise the crew 7:51 You know, it's it's incredible. 7:53 It's just amazing to me That he was on that vessel that we get to work with every day 7:58 and there's almost photographic evidence of this There is. 8:02 In July of 1862 a photographer came to monitor and it was supposed to be to document Lincoln coming again 8:08 to visit the ship and unfortunately the two missed each other. 8:12 So there's these fantastic historic photographs of the crew and the officers on the deck of monitor. 8:17 So we have that right so you know we get that glimpse back in time but unfortunately 8:21 we did miss Abraham Lincoln being on it but he was there too. 8:24 I bet that photographer was kicking himself for missing the opportunity to photograph a president. 8:29 He's a very famous guy called Gibson And so I'm thinking he maybe had other opportunities. 8:34 But I guess this was before there was a staff photographer that just followed the president around. 8:41 Yeah, well, again, you think about the 1860s where practice of photography was also a newer practice as well. 8:47 Yeah, that's why we would love to if we have more images of modern, 8:50 but we have what we have and we're grateful for it. 8:54 So the monitor is in saltwater. 8:57 But what's the difference between salt and freshwater shipwrecks? 9:01 Shipwrecks in freshwater generally are very well preserved. 9:05 So that cold, fresh water, you can almost think of it like a chiller or freezer, 9:10 you know, type of thing where you don't have those salts that are going to intrude into the metals, 9:15 into the other sort of materials on a shipwreck. 9:18 So it keeps it very well preserved. 9:21 So oftentimes in the Great Lakes, especially very deep, the preservation is near perfect. 9:25 Like it's amazing, you know, what you can see down there. 9:27 You could open up a trunk and you could see clothing, fabrics, hats, 9:32 you know, that's so well preserved in that cold, fresh water. 9:34 It's stunning. We have National Marine Sanctuaries in the Great Lakes that are fantastic to visit to see that. 9:40 The challenge in salt water is, is that the marine life and especially those salts basically attack those materials. 9:49 It may be that you have wood boring mollusks that are going to eat the wood remains of a shipwreck. 9:54 So they eat all the wood and you're just left with the metal fittings. 9:57 It could be, you know, you've got other marine life that are moving things around or digging through things. 10:02 And the biggest challenge, of course, is gonna be that salt, and monitors an iron ship in salt water. 10:08 And if you know anything about iron and salt, they don't mix. 10:11 It was deteriorating in an accelerated rate when we really started studying monitor in the 80s and 90s. 10:18 So we had to make a decision about what we're gonna do with that vessel. 10:21 How and when was the monitor found? 10:24 late 60s early 70s there were several expeditions going out to try to find the monitor 10:29 where it sank off the coast of North Carolina of Cape Hatter's so we have the ship logs you know 10:36 we can look historically at what the storms and currents were doing at the time with where the winds were 10:41 so it was a group out of Beaufort North Carolina at a Duke University going out there 10:48 with MIT National Geographic North Carolina sort of a history and archives division with with their maritime archeologist. 10:55 And they went out in the 73 searching for the monitor using the USS Rhode Island's log book 11:02 and looking at a whole bunch of other factors. 11:04 And the USS Rhode Island was the vessel that was towing the monitor when it sank. 11:07 So they had a lot of really great information. 11:09 As it happens almost on every expedition, on the very last day of their survey going out, 11:16 they find what they call a long amorphous echo on their side scan cylinder on the sea floor. 11:23 And what they expected to see with this sonar, and the sonar is really think of it like a, 11:28 it's creating an image through sound. 11:30 So you use that to look at the sea floor or other things. 11:34 They expected to find a vessel with two pointy ends and a round protuberance in the center. 11:38 And that is not what they found, right? 11:41 They found what appeared to be a shipwreck on the bottom that was long, 11:44 had a pointy end and sort of a crushed broken stern and that was it. 11:49 So like, well, it seems to be the monitor, 11:52 But it's not quite this isn't what we expect to see and they did put down a drop camera 11:57 and a drop video camera But you got to remember back in the 70s. 12:00 These were hazy black-and-white images They're seeing maybe four or five square feet down there, you know, 12:07 they can't really control it So it literally took them a year of going through all those images and things 12:13 to really stare at it And it was actually one of my mentors a graduate school in East Carolina University. 12:20 Dr you know, you've got mayor radiologists from North Carolina on the ship. 12:23 He posed the question, what happens if the ship is upside down? 12:27 Wow. Then all the pieces came together. 12:30 The turds underneath that the ship's upside down and they go back out. 12:33 Seventy-four. They get a better image of it and seventy-five. 12:37 They're like this is it. 12:39 This is it. 12:40 Wow. That's so interesting that you're just not thinking, oh, what if it flipped over as it sank? 12:46 How deep is the monitor? 12:49 240 feet. Okay. 12:51 The currents really move the sediments around, so it does vary a little bit, but we were diving, 12:57 we would call it a 240 table. 12:58 So can scuba divers investigate this ship is 240 feet? 13:03 Yeah, absolutely. 13:04 But yeah, it's a technical dive. 13:06 So you know, you've got to be properly trained, have the right equipment, 13:08 but the shipwreck, the purpose of it as well is to to open it up so recreational divers can visit it. 13:15 How far offshore is the monitor? 13:19 The monitor is about 16 and a half miles off the coast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. 13:24 Okay, so it's pretty far out there. 13:27 It's, I mean, you could, you know, it's an hour or two out of that harbor, 13:30 but what makes it so challenging out there is that, you know, Cape Hatteras is known for the storms, 13:34 it's known for the rough weather, and that happens all the time. 13:38 So even with our dive expeditions, 13:40 we would expect to lose at least half the days because of those challenges of just the marine operations offshore. 13:48 You never know what you're gonna get out there. 13:51 Now I'm gonna compare it to a very well-known shipwreck, the Titanic. 13:55 You were saying mollusks and the salt at all degrading it. 14:01 Now this ship is even older than the Titanic. 14:04 Is it disintegrating at the same speed as is the Titanic or is it in better condition or worse condition? 14:10 I'm just curious. 14:12 Well, it's a good question the difference between monitor and the Titanic, 14:16 both, you know, metal hull vessels in that marine environment. 14:19 But you know, there's such different environments. 14:22 To be honest, you know, the pH is different, the temperature is different. 14:26 So I think in some ways it's very difficult to compare the two because they are so different. 14:32 And I mean, even the base hull materials are different. 14:34 And so I couldn't say which one is better preserved because there's so many other factors that come into play. 14:43 But I will say with all shipwrecks over time, they will come to a point where they will collapse. 14:49 So some of those iconic views that we have of it, it's just how nature works with these structures. 14:53 They will collapse over time. 14:55 But that doesn't change how special they are. 14:57 They're still grave sites. 14:58 That doesn't change at all. 15:00 It's just the way you look at it might be a little different. 15:02 But, I mean, they're 50 years apart, approximately, and the monitor's still there. 15:09 It hasn't collapsed yet. 15:10 There's still ... 15:11 No, the monitor's still in great shape. 15:14 Well, we have to remember, too, that the two vessels were made for very different purposes. 15:17 Right, right. So, Titanic, open ocean, luxury passenger liner. 15:23 Very specific. So, the monitor's also very specific, where it's an ironclad build warship with an iron hull. 15:30 I think that the monitor was built so stoutly to withstand these cannonballs and things with its deck It's 15:37 that armor belt that wraps around it. 15:39 It's almost now that it's ship is upside down I believe that's really creating a protective framework 15:45 to hold the monitor together So it's really done us a favor that it protected it during its years in battle 15:51 and war But that armor belt is really protecting now as a thriving reef 15:56 The Union Navy was building this ship in response to the South building a ship. 16:03 How long did it take to build the monitor? 16:06 Well, so since monitor was being built, 16:09 the whole race being built is in response to the construction of the CSS for CSS Virginia. 16:15 And because the CSS Virginia was so much further along that construction process stipulation 16:22 with the construction of monitor was this ship has to be built in 100 days. 16:25 Wow, a hundred days. 16:27 That sounds really short. 16:28 Yeah, it's incredibly short for this type of ship that's never been seen or built before. 16:34 Almost what happens today with shipbuilding or naval construction is that the contract goes out 16:41 to manufacturers in the region. 16:43 So in the Northeast, scores of manufacturers are requested to build parts of the vessel, the iron plate for it. 16:50 Here's where the wood's coming from. 16:52 Here's where some of the the engines are coming from. 16:54 here's where the steam machinery is coming from, 16:57 and then it all comes together at Greenpoint, New York, where it's all built at the shipyard there and comes together. 17:03 So it's incredible that not only were many of these things designed just for monitor and unique that had 17:08 to be built, that they all came together and they actually worked is incredible. 17:14 And who is the designer behind this ship? 17:17 Wow. So the designer of monitors, a brilliant man named John Erickson. 17:21 He's a Swedish engineer. 17:23 He's an immigrant to the U.S. 17:25 and just an incredible man in terms of what he designed, developed, came up with, and also a man of a large personality. 17:33 He was a very proud man, very proud of him, honored her, and he let people know it. 17:37 I bet he helped, that personality helped with pushing this build through in a hundred days. 17:44 Oh, absolutely, absolutely. 17:46 Just this force of will. 17:48 But also people knew he was a brilliant engineer. 17:51 The concept seemed completely crazy. 17:54 They knew it would probably work, but you know, he did have controversy where people thought, you know, 17:59 Erickson's folly, they called the monitor, right? 18:02 This thing is going to launch, and it's going to slip right underneath the water and hit the bottom 18:07 of the Hudson River. 18:08 Like, but Erickson being, again, a man of strong will and personality said, 18:13 I'm going to stand on the deck as this ship is launched and I'll prove to you the ship will float. 18:18 And it did. 18:19 I mean, I bet there are a lot of skeptics out there. 18:22 All this iron, it's super heavy. 18:24 How the heck is it going to float? 18:27 Yeah, it's incredible. 18:28 And it's so, again, we have to think back then in the 1860s, it was such a strange concept to look at. 18:34 It was so different. 18:36 I mean, it truly looked like something that you would bury somebody in. 18:39 So he proved them wrong. 18:41 So did they start building more ironclad ships? 18:45 They did. Well, and the funny thing was, so the monitor was built in response to the Virginia. 18:50 This was not initially supposed to be the next wave of U.S. 18:54 Navy warships or design, but in some ways it did become that. 18:58 So they built over 60 of these monitor-style vessels. 19:02 60? Over, yeah, over 60. 19:05 It's incredible because it just became so iconic with the U.S. 19:08 Navy, and there was so much momentum of this American designed vessel 19:14 that it really became an iconic part of the U.S. 19:18 Naval history and what we became known for in the mid to late 1800s. 19:21 Were they all built out of that Brooklyn shipyard? 19:25 No, once they had the initial designs, 19:27 John Erickson did have a few different types of monitors, 19:30 but then other Naval engineers came in as well and they put their own touches. 19:33 is, you know, it could be monitor head one turret. 19:36 Well, now some monitors head, monitor style warships had two turrets, right? 19:42 Monitor head one propeller, some had two, some had different kinds of hulls. 19:45 So what's exciting is to see that evolution, right? 19:49 Or how they built on the design, but also when you start looking at the hull getting a little more 19:53 of a V shape, you know, the hull coming a little more up out of the water to go into bigger seas. 19:58 And now what we're starting to see is the precursor to battleships, 20:01 all leading back to Monitor that started this whole thing. 20:05 We can attribute the Monitor to the game Battleship that I played as a kid. 20:10 Yeah, no, absolutely. 20:12 You know, those are very famous sort of American World War II Battleships that we've seen in movies time 20:17 and time again. 20:18 You know, the working of that turret and its design is very similar to the Monitor. 20:24 And it's only separated by 70 years, 80 years. 20:28 It's amazing. A difference in scale, of course, but it's essentially the same thing, which is amazing. 20:33 It's a shame that the monitor sank, but because it did, 20:37 it's somewhat preserved, and we can go and look at it and see its design and see some of the unique design features. 20:45 Some of the future iterations of monitor, like the Passaic, that ended up being sold for scrap metal. 20:52 So if the monitor hadn't sank, maybe eventually it would have been decommissioned, 20:56 sold to someone and turned into scrap. 20:59 And we would have no historical record of the actual first ironclad ship that is responsible 21:07 for the design of all our future battleships. 21:10 Yeah, well, I think that's one of the most amazing things about shipwrecks. 21:14 If you think about some of these naval ships with their lifespan, 21:16 you know, sometimes they do survive the entire war, 21:21 you know, and they have long lives, and then they're sold off and do different things or they're scrapped. 21:26 But some of them, you know, but they're they're lost, right? 21:28 They're gone to history but some of them when they go down in a shipwreck that that that is that, 21:33 you know, the classic that preserved time capsule, right? 21:36 There everything is from from that battle, from that storm, you know, what those the men on board, 21:42 you know, that the the sailors, the officers, the crew, what they were going through and those final moments, 21:48 you know, are still there. 21:49 So, those stories that to be told that are timeless and priceless. 21:53 Well, and what's so interesting is it's not just a historical record that's down there. 21:59 There is wildlife that is thriving. 22:03 So what kind of wildlife lives on and around this wreck? 22:07 Because I'm sure it's different in different parts of the ocean. 22:10 Yeah, and absolutely. 22:12 We've seen that time and time again. 22:13 When we do our NOAA expeditions out to the monitor, 22:16 or really any ship or excite when we work through the National Marine sanctuaries that we're looking 22:21 at the ship historically, archeologically, but also as a marine habitat, right? 22:26 Those are all very important functions that that ship or that site has. 22:31 It's exciting to go down and now you see it's gone from that weapon of war to an island of life. 22:37 And, you know, when you look at the environment at the sea floor off North Carolina, 22:41 it really is a desert environment in a lot of respects. 22:44 Lots of, lots of sands. 22:46 There is live, live rock and light bottom and things too, but it's very patchy, 22:50 so when you get these wrecks, especially these larger wrecks, the marine life does accumulate there. 22:55 So you see the smaller fish in the juveniles and things that are living on it, 22:58 bringing in the larger fish and the larger fish after that, and then the predators, 23:02 and then, you know, we get this beautiful covering of soft corals and sponges and things, 23:07 and the whole site has now come alive with these vibrant colors. 23:11 So it's exciting to see that that's another story we can tell about monitor. 23:15 It's not just a warship. 23:17 it's not just going through the battle, or not just being defined by the sinking, 23:21 it's now being defined as its role today. 23:23 What makes it so exciting to talk about Monitor, even to visit it in different ways, is that, 23:28 you know, you sort of, you choose your adventure. 23:30 What do you want to explore with Monitor? 23:32 It's up to you. 23:33 And if that ship wasn't there, would there be as much of a concentration of wildlife nearby? 23:39 No, no. If the ship wasn't there, it would just be a sandy bottom. 23:45 So really, it is providing that extra habitat which is incredible and you know we 23:49 we can't forget monitor was coal fired didn't use petroleum products it didn't use oil 23:54 so all those things are pretty inert down there so there's nothing else that's damaging or toxic for 24:00 that marine life really really just provides a really nice strata for everything to live and grow on. 24:06 So the monitor is a National Marine Sanctuary and you work for the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries here 24:13 at the Ocean Service. 24:15 What is the significance of being designated a marine sanctuary? 24:20 Well first I should mention Monitor is the first sanctuary. 24:23 Wow. We're very proud of that. 24:25 Designated back in 1975. 24:27 So the first ironclad ship and the first marine sanctuary. 24:31 Absolutely, yes. 24:32 So we're very proud of that. 24:34 You know we're also the smallest, but National Marine Sanctuaries you know of course you're going 24:38 to be thinking about national parks and things of the same vein. 24:41 And very similar to that, but you know, National Marine Sanctuaries, 24:44 they're there to really highlight, celebrate, protect, and manage these incredible 24:51 resources that belong to the public. 24:53 So whether it be historical, cultural, 24:55 indigenous, technological, biological with reefs, you know, fish, invertebrates, whales, 25:03 each one of our sanctuaries focuses on particular aspect or collection aspects of those things to protect 25:08 and celebrate these things that are so special in our marine environment, 25:12 you know, whether it's in the ocean, rivers, or in the Great Lakes. 25:15 We would love to protect all shipwrecks, but, you know, sometimes it's just not able to do that. 25:20 But in our sanctuaries, many of them are dedicated to just protecting shipwrecks. 25:25 A lot of them in the Great Lakes, you know, monitor, 25:27 of course, there's the Malus Bay Potomac River, the Potomac River. 25:31 But a lot of our sanctuaries too protect shipwrecks alongside those biological resources. 25:37 So the marine life, the local ecology, the beautiful whales and things. 25:42 So it really is an incredible organization to work for with this sort of fast management responsibility 25:49 with some of these resources that are dwindling. 25:52 So it's incredibly part of that to help preserve it for American people. 25:55 So the monitor is 16 miles offshore. 25:59 So obviously if the public comes down, they're not going to get on a ship and go two hours out to the sanctuary. 26:05 So there is the Mariners Museum and Park and it's the proud home to the USS Monitor Center. 26:11 You house over 5 ,000 artifacts and over 200 tons 26:16 of archaeological material that's been recovered from the monitor shipwreck. 26:22 What artifacts were brought up from the wreck and why were they chosen in particular? 26:27 Well that's a good question. 26:29 You know we partnered with at the Mayor's Museum Park here in Newport News, Virginia. 26:33 We started that relationship back in 1987 because we realized as a sanctuary, 26:38 we needed a place to put our archival documents, 26:41 but also when we started recovering smaller riders from the shipwreck, 26:44 where can that go to be conserved properly, but also, the most importantly, displayed for the public? 26:50 You know, when we look at artifacts, you gotta think about a couple of things. 26:54 First of all, the act of recovering it from the sea floor and bringing it to the surface is not the end 26:58 of the project. 26:59 That's like the first fist of what you have to do. 27:02 The larger responsibility where the expertise comes in and a lot of the funding needs is 27:08 that conservation work, which is absolutely required or the artifact will be destroyed. 27:14 And then of course the end goal of all this is that it should be on display for the public. 27:18 Over the years, we did small recoveries of some of the personal items from the crew members that we found 27:24 that were on the surface. 27:25 So that was telling the story. 27:26 But then, you know, we started realizing in the mid 90s that, 27:30 you know, monitor the iron vessel and salt water starting to corrode and deteriorate what 27:36 they thought was an accelerated rate. 27:38 So they said, what can we do to protect this heritage? 27:42 Do we do nothing? 27:43 And we let it fall apart? 27:45 Well, you can do that. 27:47 Can you recover everything, the entire ship? 27:49 Well, you can think about that too, 27:51 but you think of the exorbitant expense and maybe damaging when you try to do good, 27:55 but you've actually damaged more so by the wreck falling apart because you can't, something happens. 28:01 And taking away the wildlife. 28:02 Yeah. And you would take away that, that reef as well. 28:05 So they, I think feel, I feel very, that they made the right decision smartly to go after targeted pieces. 28:11 So they said, what made the monitor special? 28:14 Well, it's that turret, right? 28:16 That first rotating gun turret. 28:17 That's what made it special. 28:18 That's what it's known for. 28:19 There's other aspects, but that's what you imagine in your head. 28:23 Just so happens that the monitor's entire drivetrain as the vessel sank was on top of the turret. 28:30 Well, that's also very iconic, and all of these things happen to be designed and built by John Erickson, 28:36 the monitor's designer. 28:37 Navy working alongside NOAA said, what can we do? 28:42 And I said, well, why don't we target those mechanical spaces, the drivetrain and the turret? 28:49 What's a drivetrain? 28:50 The drivetrain, we think about like a car, right? 28:53 It's the engine, it's going to be the propeller shaft and the propeller itself. 28:57 Basically those things that make the ship go. 29:00 All of that was on top of the turret because as the vessel sank, the turret falls off, flips upside down. 29:06 The rest of the monitor flips upside down and falls on top, 29:09 but it just so happened that it was scooted back a little bit where that engine space is now over 29:14 that turret the sea floors it made sense let's let's focus on that but also leave those crew areas intact 29:22 where the officers and crew lived and worked is still totally intact on the sea floor and we've managed 29:28 that protected because you know it is a graveside so we focused on this mechanical technological parts 29:33 and that's what we worked with the US Navy with from 1998 to 2002 where 29:39 we conducted literally the largest archaeological meadows recovery in history, 29:44 bringing up over 200 tons of the pieces and parts of the shipwreck. 29:49 And now here at the Merritt's Museum and Park is the largest meadows conservation marine project 29:54 in the world, all dedicated to monitor. 29:56 Is the recovery of items complete or is it ongoing? 30:01 We look at the recovery of items of the shipwreck now is on pause. 30:04 We've got a lot of material to go through still so the turret was brought up for example 30:09 in 2002 that's still undergoing conservation here we are in 2026 though we really need to get through what 30:16 we have now I think get that on display you know there's a cost to that too that we have to think 30:22 about how do we do this again never been done before just like monitor something 30:26 like never been built before something of this scale 30:29 as a marine metal conservation project has never been put on display before. 30:34 So it's exciting. 30:35 But I like to think once we get through all that, then we can rethink what's next. 30:40 Right? And that's always a great thing with monitors, ask the question, what's next? 30:44 Because there always will be something next. 30:45 Thank you so much for for telling me the entire history of the monitor. 30:50 It's so fascinating. 30:52 And it's, it's funny that you say what's next, because in our next podcast, we'll be discussing just that. 31:01 This has been Alison Burrell with the NOAA Ocean podcast. 31:06 Thanks to Tani Casterly for giving us a deep dive into the history of the USS Monitor. 31:11 In part two, we'll return to the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary to cover a new imaging technology 31:17 that strives to capture the most detailed scan of the USS Monitor to date. 31:22 What has happened to the USS Monitor over the last 140 years? 31:27 What have we learned from the wreck and what is being done to preserve its most treasured parts? 31:32 Be sure to check out all our episodes through the National Ocean Service website or wherever you get your podcasts. 31:40 Thanks for listening. 31:41 Let's keep making waves.
متن خودکار (ممکن است خطا داشته باشد). این متن را رایانه از روی صدا نوشته است، نه ناشر؛ اگر جایی با صدا نمیخواند، به شنیدن اعتماد کن.
دربارهی این قسمت Amidst stormy seas in December of 1862, the USS Monitor sank off the coast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina at the height of the Civil War. As the location of the very first National Marine Sanctuary, the Monitor functions as an underwater reef teeming with wildlife and mystery. In the first of two episodes about the Monitor we discuss the history of the ship and why its sinking is still important today.
NOAA Ocean Podcast .
تولید NOAA (دولت آمریکا)؛ فید «copyright: none» اعلام میکند و آثار دولت فدرال آمریکا در مالکیت عمومیاند؛ نشان NOAA مستثناست.