There's Something for Everyone at Olympic National Park - December 22, 2016

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1. 0:02This week in our national parks journey, we explore a vast area with mountains, beaches,
2. 0:12forests, and glaciers.
3. 0:15The area's huge range in both rainfall and elevation make it one of the most diverse parks
4. 0:23in America. Welcome to Olympic National Park!
5. 0:29The park is located in the western state of Washington.
6. 0:36It is on the Olympic Peninsula, in the northwest part of the state.
7. 0:42The park covers more than 400 ,000 hectares.
8. 0:48It has several different ecosystems.
9. 0:52Visitors will find temperate rainforests, glacier-covered mountains,
10. 0:57and almost 120 kilometers of wild coastline.
11. 1:04The Olympic Peninsula has seen travelers from many countries throughout history, including Mexico,
12. 1:13Spain, France, Russia, and England.
13. 1:18Many travelers from these countries arrived in the late 1700s.
14. 1:26They were searching for the Northwest Passage.
15. 1:31The sea route connects the Northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by way
16. 1:38of the Arctic Ocean.
17. 1:40These explorers all claimed to discover different parts
18. 1:46of what is now Olympic National Park.
19. 1:52In 1792,
20. 1:54English captain George Vancouver explored the peninsula in great detail by boat.
21. 2:03He named many of the natural features in the area.
22. 2:08Later, people began moving west across North America to search for gold.
23. 2:17This era was known as the gold rush.
24. 2:21Many people came to the western United States in search of gold.
25. 2:28At the time, the Olympic Peninsula was not very developed and did not have roads.
26. 2:37People had to travel by boat or horse to explore the peninsula.
27. 2:46Early settlers reached the Olympic Peninsula in the mid -1800s.
28. 2:52At first, people built homes on the coast.
29. 2:57This area was easier to access and had good land for farming.
30. 3:03Life on the Olympic Peninsula was difficult, however.
31. 3:08People lived far from large cities and resources.
32. 3:13They cut trees to build cabins.
33. 3:16They also hunted and fished for food.
34. 3:20Later, people started making expeditions into the center of the peninsula.
35. 3:27They explored its forests and mountains.
36. 3:30These areas never became very populated, however.
37. 3:36To protect the nature of the area,
38. 3:40President Grover Cleveland declared the Olympic Peninsula's forests as the Olympic Forest Reserve in 1897,
39. 3:48and in 1938, President Franklin Roosevelt signed the bill that established the Olympic National Park.
40. 3:56Eight Native American tribes are closely connected to the area.
41. 4:05One tribe, the Makah, has a long history of whaling.
42. 4:11The U.S.
43. 4:12bans whaling, but the Makah tribe is permitted to continue practicing this tradition
44. 4:19in small amounts.
45. 4:21American courts also gave Native American tribes the right
46. 4:28to continue their traditional fishing practices in the area.
47. 4:35Protecting fish resources is important to the Native Americans living on the Olympic Peninsula.
48. 4:44They work with the National Park Service to protect the area's natural resources.
49. 4:54Olympic National Park has meadows and lakes.
50. 4:58It has glacier-fed rivers and mountain peaks that rise more than 2 ,300 meters.
51. 5:08Each area of the park offers visitors something special.
52. 5:14The Elwha Valley is in the central part of the park.
53. 5:19It is the Olympic Peninsula's largest watershed.
54. 5:23A watershed is an area of land that separates waters that flow to different rivers or seas.
55. 5:31Long ago,
56. 5:34the rivers in this area held the most salmon outside of Alaska.
57. 5:40The area also was home to bears, eagles, cougars, and the Klallam Native Americans.
58. 5:48In the 1920s, a growing community of settlers built two hydroelectric dams to provide energy
59. 5:57for the local economy.
60. 5:58The dams created many problems for the river.
61. 6:03They decreased the water in the rivers, which caused the fish population in the area to decrease.
62. 6:11This affected the other animals that depended on fish for food.
63. 6:17The community later decided to fix these problems.
64. 6:20In 1992,
65. 6:24Congress passed the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act.
66. 6:31Both dams have been removed, and the National Park Service is using fish hatcheries to increase the salmon population.
67. 6:40Today, the Elwha River is the site of one of the largest ecosystem restoration projects
68. 6:48in National Park Service history.
69. 6:52The Ho River is on the west side of the park.
70. 6:57The river is formed from melted glacial ice on top of Mount Olympus.
71. 7:04The river is 80 kilometers long.
72. 7:10It empties into the Pacific Ocean.
73. 7:15The area receives about 400 centimeters of rain each year.
74. 7:21It is a temperate rainforest.
75. 7:26Because of the amount of rain, many different types of plants grow in the whole rainforest.
76. 7:33From mosses and ferns to huge Sitka spruce trees,
77. 7:40the Ho River Valley is protected from any logging or development.
78. 7:48Hurricane Ridge is a mountain area in the northern part of the park.
79. 7:54It is easy to enter and provides incredible views of the Olympic Mountains.
80. 8:01The ridge has many hiking paths.
81. 8:05In winter, people come here to ski.
82. 8:10They also come here to take part in other fun winter activities like sledding and snowboarding.
83. 8:21Hurricane Ridge usually has snow from December through the end of March.
84. 8:27Visitors must be prepared for icy roads and severe weather.
85. 8:35The westernmost part of the park is Pacific Coastline.
86. 8:41Olympic National Park has many breathtaking beaches.
87. 8:47Rialto Beach is known for its tall sea stacks.
88. 8:51These formations are tall towers of rock standing in the sea.
89. 8:58North of Rialto Beach is hole in the wall.
90. 9:02It is a natural arch that has been carved by the powerful sea.
91. 9:08Clay-like beach is known for its white sand.
92. 9:12It also has three national wildlife refuges, which protect the area's bird and fish species.
93. 9:22The coastline areas offer hiking and camping.
94. 9:27They are some of the most popular places in the park.
95. 9:32Olympic National Park offers difficult mountain hikes.
96. 9:38It offers relaxing beaches and exciting walks through lush rainforests.
97. 9:46There is truly something for everyone at Olympic National Park.
98. 9:53I'm Dorothy Gundy.
99. 9:55And I'm Phil Deerking.