Independence Day Has Been a Time to Celebrate and to Think - July 02, 2021

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1. 0:00July 4th, 1776, is the day the Continental Congress officially approved the Declaration of Independence.
2. 0:11Celebrations began soon after with parades, public readings, and other events.
3. 0:19Fighting in the nation's war for independence had already begun.
4. 0:23but it was not until 1870 that the U.S.
5. 0:28Congress passed a law to set July 4th as the National Observance of Independence Day.
6. 0:36The law was updated in 1938 and again in 1941.
7. 0:44Recently, Finally another holiday to mark American independence was established by the U.S.
8. 0:51Congress. The Juneteenth National Independence Day Act observes the end
9. 0:59of slavery in the United States.
10. 1:03The U.S.
11. 1:04now officially observes eleven yearly holidays.
12. 1:07days. State and local gatherings for Independence Day
13. 1:14and other holidays are as old as the country itself.
14. 1:20The Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Eric Foner said national holidays were a way
15. 1:28to unify the nation after the Civil War.
16. 1:32The Civil War consolidated national power in all sorts of ways,
17. 1:38and national holidays are an illustration of that, he said.
18. 1:43Some observers point out that Independence Day has been caught up
19. 1:48in the country's divisions from a very early time.
20. 1:53In the 1780s and 1790s two political sides argued over who should get credit
21. 2:02for writing the Declaration of Independence.
22. 2:06The document famously declares that all men are created equal.
23. 2:13The Democratic Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson thought that he should get the credit while supporters
24. 2:22of a strong central government, the Federalists, said others helped too.
25. 2:28In In the years before the Civil War,
26. 2:32black Americans were often not included in official July 4th events.
27. 2:39Instead, they would celebrate on July 5th.
28. 2:43The black writer Frederick Douglass gave his well-known speech,
29. 2:49What to the Slave is the Fourth of July,
30. 2:53on July 5th, 1852, at an anti-slavery gathering in New York.
31. 3:02There is discussion in the U.S.
32. 3:04about whether it is right to observe July 4th as Independence Day.
33. 3:10The debates involve questions about the country's beginnings and the ideas expressed in the Declaration
34. 3:19of Independence.
35. 3:21Some say the meaning of July 4th continues to change over time.
36. 3:28They note that Franklin Roosevelt and George W.
37. 3:33Bush were among the presidents who honored the military in Independence Day speeches.
38. 3:41Last year former President Donald Trump gave a speech at Mount Rushmore in the state of South Dakota.
39. 3:49At the time, the coronavirus health crisis was intensifying,
40. 3:56but there also were protests across the country.
41. 4:01The Mount Rushmore memorial includes huge sculptures of the faces
42. 4:07of four American presidents George Washington,
43. 4:12Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt.
44. 4:19Trump praised those leaders and criticized people who would damage or deface statues
45. 4:26representing the nation's founders.
46. 4:30At the time, then-presidential candidate Joe Biden released a video.
47. 4:36In it, he said that the country had not yet lived up to the promise of equality.
48. 4:44He noted that Jefferson was a slaveholder.
49. 4:49"'America is no fairy tale,' Biden said.
50. 4:53"'It struggles with two forces,' he said.
51. 4:57world, the idea that all men and women, all people, are created equal,
52. 5:05and the racism that has torn us apart.
53. 5:10I'm Mario Ritter, Jr.