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زیرنویس بعد از شنیدن بدون
سایهگویی جملهبهجمله
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دیکته
جمله را (حداکثر سه بار) گوش بده و بنویس. بار سوم آهستهتر پخش میشود.
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0:00 Hello and welcome back to the Easy English Podcast. 0:05 I'm your host Oliver, and today we are, as usual, going to improve our English listening skills and vocabulary. 0:16 And today we are going to look at a fear that most language learners have, or at least you've probably had it at some 0:27 point in your life or your English learning journey or really any other learning that you're doing. 0:35 And that is, if I stop studying, will I forget everything? 0:41 So maybe if I stop studying English, will my English become really bad? Will I forget it and have to 0:49 start all over again? Maybe your life got a little bit too busy. Perhaps you reached your goal 0:58 that you had in mind and you decided to have a break. 1:03 Then three months later, you started to try and speak and you realized, Oh, my level is not quite what it used to be. 1:13 You feel rusty. Well, today we're going to look at language attrition. So the process, it's the 1:24 opposite of language learning attrition, Language attrition. 1:30 We're going to look at what your brain does with the unused information, the vocabulary and the English that you have in there. We're going to look at what 1:41 disappears first. So what will you lose first if you stop learning English and why? 1:49 Your English isn't actually gone, it's just hiding from you in the basement. So if that interests you, stick 1:58 around right to the end to find out each of those steps. 2:03 And as always, we are going to learn some great vocabulary along the way. Make sure if you want to support 2:13 the show and get access to flip cards, vocabulary flip cards for each episode, PDFs, and bonus content every week, you can 2:23 subscribe to the Easy English Patreon in the description below. This week's episode I'm going to do 1 about fitness. So some fitness vocabulary we're 2:34 going to look at, you know, some different activities as well and teach you some vocab there. OK, if you want to do that and 2:43 you want the support, you can get the link in the description below. But let's go back and learn some key vocabulary for today's lesson. 2:54 The first word that you're going to learn and listen for today is the word attrition. Attrition, This is quite a 3:02 difficult word, but it's very specific to today's episode. 3:07 Like quite important, I, I should say, for this concept of language attrition. Attrition is the gradual 3:17 reduction of something, something becoming less over time. And language attrition is what 3:26 happens when you don't use your English. 3:29 It's essentially the opposite of language learning. 3:34 It's that process of losing your English over time. 3:40 Our next word is a verb and it's related to the garden. 3:45 We can use it metaphorically, and that is the word pruning. 3:51 Pruning the verb to prune. So the definition in this case is when the brain cuts away unused connections or memories 4:03 to save energy. And when we prune something, it's usually about a plant. So we're cutting the plant back. 4:12 So we're cutting the areas that we don't want to help it to grow and focus. It's growing in the correct direction. So your brain prunes your 4:23 English. Our third word is one that we often use to describe something that you haven't done for a while, maybe how you feel with it. 4:34 And that is the adjective rusty, rusty, rusty. 4:39 And this is a metaphor for a skill that has weakened over time due to a lack of practice. And it comes from, of course, something that actually is rusty. 4:51 When the metal becomes brown and old hasn't been cleaned or used for a while, it becomes rusty. And so our brains become rusty 5:02 with language learning when we don't do it for a while. 5:07 Our four word today is the word dormant. 5:11 Dormant. This is an adjective. 5:14 And dormant means it's alive, but it's not active. 5:18 So it's sleeping, for example. So your vocabulary or the words could be dormant in your brain. So they're in there, they're 5:29 alive, but they're sleeping. You're not using them. 5:32 You can't remember them, but they are in there. 5:36 The same. We use this word as well with volcanoes. For example, sometimes we have a dormant volcano. The volcano is alive, but it's 5:47 sleeping. It hasn't erupted or been active for a long, a long time, a large number of years. 5:56 And our final word today for today's episode is the word reactivation. Reactivation, and this is the 6:05 process of making a dormant or sleeping skill active again. 6:12 So something that you haven't done for a while that is dormant, that is sleeping, it's unused, it's this process of making it active again, reactivation. 6:23 So reactivation is much faster than learning something from scratch from learning something from the beginning. 6:32 OK, plenty of new words there today. 6:36 Hopefully slightly more difficult words for us today. 6:39 If you want even more, I have the flip cards on the Patreon as well if you want to learn extra vocabulary. 6:47 So if you're new, we've had quite a few new listeners. 6:50 We have over 2000 new followers in the last month. 6:54 Make sure if you're one of these new people that haven't followed or subscribed yet that you do so, so you don't miss out on new 7:04 episodes of the Easy English Podcast. 7:07 You can turn on notifications as well on Spotify or wherever you listen to make sure it's a little bell icon. 7:16 OK, let's get into the main episode today. 7:19 I am so excited about this topic. 7:22 I don't know why, I just find it very interesting. 7:25 Probably because I have this exact situation. 7:30 So many of you know, I had been learning for many years Russian language since I was probably 19 years old. 7:41 And to be honest, I haven't been very active with my learning the last sort of 2-3 years, well, probably more three years to be 7:51 honest. And I can, I am going through this process. There are times when I have periods where I am learning and practising, but largely over 8:02 time my language is getting worse. 8:05 I am, I've kind of stopped learning, which I shouldn't do. 8:10 And there'll be many of you that have been in this situation. 8:13 So I do find researching for this episode and creating today's topic. It was very interesting to me and I'm excited to share what I find. 8:25 So to start with, I want you to think of your brain like a dense, thick forest with lots of trees. 8:35 And when you Start learning English, you are walking through these trees, creating a pathway, creating a path that you can 8:45 walk along. And the active learner, if you're using and walking that path and these different paths 8:53 that you're making in that forest, every day they become wider, they become longer, they become a more clear path and 9:03 road. And you can run down it without thinking. So you're not walking, but you can actually run because the path is nice and clear because 9:14 you have walked it so many times and so frequently. 9:19 And this is like your fluency whenever you're using something without thinking about it. Imagine you take a long break from English. You haven't learned it. 9:30 You haven't been studying new vocabulary or practising the other. You haven't been listening. 9:37 Maybe you haven't listened to this podcast for a while, or other English content. If you stop walking in the 9:46 forest, in our analogy, the grass starts to grow back, and then the plants and maybe small bushes appear, and perhaps some 9:57 trees start to grow in the path, and the path becomes harder to see. It's harder to run on this path, 10:08 so you start to walk a little bit slower. 10:12 It's exactly the same with English. 10:16 This is what scientists call neural pruning. 10:19 This word pruning your brain is an efficiency machine. 10:25 It needs to work in the most efficient way. 10:29 If it notices that you haven't used present perfect continuous tense in six months, for example, it will decide that the 10:38 energy used to keep that path open in the forest that is your brain is being wasted. So it's going to thrune or get 10:49 rid of that connection to make room for things you are using. 10:57 Perhaps a new job or a new hobby or something else you're more focused on. I hope that analogy helped. 11:07 So I like to think of these two paths, these two ways that you're pushing in in your learning, essentially. 11:16 But there are a few specific points here which are important to discuss. The first really is that not all 11:25 English skills disappear at the same speed or in the same order or the same time. Usually skills disappear in a 11:37 specific order of rustiness. So essentially certain things tend to go first. The first things that tend to 11:48 go, and you might know this if you've had experienced this, is the active vocabulary and slang that you use that you have that 11:58 is in your brain. These are definitely pretty much always the first to go. So you'll find yourself saying 12:07 the, the, the thing. What do you call it? 12:12 What is that word? I know this word instead of saying the word. So you start to lose words that 12:21 you previously had in your active vocabulary. 12:25 Now, it doesn't mean it's gone. It doesn't mean you've forgotten it, but it's not in the active vocabulary. 12:31 And you've probably experienced this process actually when learning, not just when stopping to learn English, but as you're 12:39 learning, it takes time for it to move into your active vocabulary from your passive. So it's the same process, but the reverse. It moves out. 12:51 The second thing that tends to disappear next is the grammatical nuance, the grammar nuance essentially like small, 13:00 little grammar rules, tiny ones like for example, you could say he walks versus he walk. But I mean, this is a very, it's 13:10 probably a very big grammatical mistake. 13:12 But little grammar, things that make you sound more natural in English, those start to disappear. 13:19 Second, the third thing that then will start to disappear, and this is usually quite a while after you stop learning 13:28 English, is your listening and reading. 13:31 So the speech is usually affected. 13:33 First, your language production. So writing, speaking, anything that requires producing language. 13:41 But the passive skills like reading and listening, they are very strong compared to the rest and they last for a lot longer 13:52 in terms of, I suppose, not being rusty. 13:56 You might not be able to speak a sentence, but you might still understand a movie perfectly. That's how strong your passive listening and reading skills can become. 14:09 And that's a good thing. That's a good thing because it provides a really good base of learning for returning to study. 14:17 And finally, the last thing that usually tends to disappear is the core basics. These are the essentials of 14:26 English language learning, the basic grammar rules, the key vocabulary, just all of that stuff. 14:36 But that come that's a lot, lot later. 14:39 That will stay for much longer than the rest. 14:43 But here is the good news. You never truly forget a language. There's a lot of research out there. And as I was researching for 14:52 this episode, of course, I was reading and looking at different studies and different articles about this. 15:01 And really research shows generally that once language reaches a certain level, so around strong intermediate or B1 15:11 level, which is about the level of this podcast. 15:15 So the podcast, we have lots of listeners that range from B1 through to C1. And really once you're approaching this stage within this range, you, you won't ever 15:27 truly forget English. It simply will move into your long term storage in your brain. It isn't deleted. 15:37 It's only moved to the basement in your brain. 15:41 We can think of it as stored under the ground away, waiting for you to reach down there, to go down the stairs and to lift 15:50 it out again. So when you start studying again after a break, even if it's a year, 2 years, maybe even five 15:59 years, it isn't like building a new house from scratch. 16:04 You're just going downstairs, dusting off the furniture and bringing it back up to the living room. 16:12 And This is why reactivation is a lot faster than learning from scratch. And you've probably potentially had this with other things and areas in your life. 16:24 Perhaps you used to play a sport when you were a child and you go back to play it again. And at the beginning, the first 16:31 5-10 minutes, maybe the first few sessions, you feel very bad, maybe rusty, but you learn a lot quicker. 16:40 You start to remember it. You start to hold the racket in the correct way or the item. You start to make the movements 16:49 a little bit more like you used to because you've already learnt it and it's in your brain. Your brain is just finding that information again. And the same goes for English 17:00 language learning. This is reactivation. 17:05 So I want to just say before we go on to our next section, if you're worried about this, you know, if you sometimes feel like 17:13 you haven't learnt English for a long time and your English is getting worse and you're stressed, don't worry. 17:20 The work that you put in, the work that you put in now, the hard work that you've put in in the past, it's never wasted. 17:28 Even if you start to forget, if it starts to move out of your active memory, you've still done that hard work and it was still reward. You'll be able to come back, 17:39 take that work back again and reactivate your English. 17:45 OK so last week we had an episode about online dating. 17:50 So E dating and slang and that type of thing. 17:53 If you haven't listened to it yet and you haven't checked it out, make sure you listen to last week's episode. 17:59 But in that episode, I asked if any of you have tried online dating and what you thought about it. 18:07 So I wanted to read a couple of comments, a couple of answers from that episode. So the first comment I will read 18:16 is from Bo and they said, hi Oliver, I'm Bo from China. 18:21 Thank you for your amazing podcast. 18:24 I've been listening to Easy English and Easy English Stories for three months now. I'm happy to say that I can 18:31 understand almost anything you say without subtitles, and I'm 18:37 even trying to listen at 1.25 times speed to answer today's question or this episode's question. 18:46 I've never used a dating app. Waiting for messages is just too torturous for me, especially if I have feelings for this person. 18:56 It makes me nervous, anxious and can ruin my mood for the whole day. And then Beau left a great 19:04 suggestion for another future episode of Easy English, which I think is a great idea. But yes, excellent, excellent 19:14 comment, I can totally relate. That could be a hard feeling to experience if you're waiting and waiting for a reply or a 19:23 response. Sometimes texting or digital messaging can be so unnatural and very, very different from regular everyday human communication. 19:36 I had another great comment from Mana Oliviera and they said I am a digital nomad. I use dating apps often, but I 19:46 still prefer meeting people in real life. 19:50 I like the energy, the flirting and the connection more than swiping on an app. I hate the talking stage very much. I am honest about my English 20:02 level and my interest in dating. Furthermore, the culture is completely different. I am Brazilian and I am still 20:12 travelling around the world. I use dating to practice my English, I feel more comfortable because people are interested in 20:21 getting to know me. Excellent. 20:24 Yeah you are right, it can be a great way to be practicing your English while travelling. Excellent comment and thank you 20:33 so much for sharing and I really hope to see more comments from you both in the future. OK, this week's question and I 20:43 want as many of you as possible to try and answer this. 20:47 I want you to tell me, have you ever stopped learning English or what is the longest time that you have stopped learning 20:58 English for and did you notice any changes? 21:03 Tell me about it. I want to hear. 21:05 I want to hear if you've only stopped learning for a month or if you've never stopped learning. 21:11 Tell me, have you learned English every day since you started? That would be great to hear. 21:18 OK, let's go back to our final section today and that is looking at maintenance. Maintenance keeping our English 21:28 level high. Very good. 21:32 So you don't have to study for two hours every day or an hour every day. And I know that you know this, but just doing a little bit every day helps to keep that 21:43 path in the forest. Clear your English path. 21:48 Think about it that way. If you're too busy for active study, switch to maintenance mode. 21:54 If you're not learning new things, you can do some time of maintenance mode. This is easier said than done. 22:02 I'm guilty of it, I don't do it, but it is something that we should do. And here's a couple of ways that you can do it. The first is the 5 minute rule. 22:13 Even just read 1 news article, some little extract of English, maybe listen to one song in English or podcast every day. 22:25 And this tells your brain, don't get rid of this. 22:27 I'm still using it, it's still there, it's still something I need. You could also try talking to yourself in English or thinking in English as well and just a 22:38 little bit every day to try and use it. 22:41 And it keeps those muscles in the brain, those connections rather than muscles active and working. 22:50 You could also change your phone settings to English, your language settings, or on your computer, or just simple little things like that so that you see a little bit of English every 23:00 day, even if you're not actively studying it. 23:04 I think it's a great way to keep it alive, but to be honest, life happens. Sometimes you have to put your 23:12 books away, but remember, your English is a part of you now. 23:16 It's not something that you're going to get rid of. 23:19 It might get rusty and the grass might grow over that English path in the forest, but the road is still there. 23:28 It's still underneath the grass. It's still underneath the plants. And when you're ready to walk it again, the dusting off process will be shorter than you can 23:37 imagine. And before you know it, you'll be running down that path in the forest again. 23:44 Thank you very much for listening. 23:45 I hope you enjoyed today's episode about really, can we forget English? Can we lose what happens when we 23:54 stop learning English? It was a really fun one for me to research for this episode and I really enjoyed making it and 24:03 talking about it with you today. Make sure if you're new that you're following and subscribed. And I really hope to see you on the Patreon as well as in next week's episode. 24:14 Have a lovely rest of your day and I will speak to you very soon. Goodbye.
دربارهی این قسمت Bonus Episodes & Full Transcript PDFs, Vocabulary Flipcards Every Week on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/c/englishwitholiver My Phrasal Verb Book and more : https://stan.store/easyenglishpodcast Does your English feel "rusty" after a few weeks away? In this episode, we explore the science of Language Attrition . We explain the "Forest Pathway" analogy and why your brain starts pruning unused grammar. But don't worry—your English isn't gone; it’s just in the "Basement." Learn why reactivation is faster than you think and how to wake up your dormant vocabulary.