مهارتها و واژگان B1
خواندن: داستان زندگی یک نفر (زمانهای روایی در متن واقعی)
Reading: a life story (narrative tenses in a real text)
داستان آنا را بخوان که کار امن بانک را رها کرد و نانوایی خودش را باز کرد. یاد میگیری یک متن ۳۵۰ کلمهای را اول برای فهم کلی و بعد برای جزئیات بخوانی، از روی زمان فعلها ترتیب اتفاقها را بفهمی، معنی کلمه را از متن حدس بزنی و در آخر داستان تغییری در زندگی خودت را تعریف کنی.
گام ۱ از ۵
یک داستان زندگی را در دو دور بخوان
۱. عنوان و پاراگراف اول را بخوان و حدس بزن: این آدم کیست و چه تغییری در زندگیاش رخ داده؟ ۲. دور اول کل متن را بدون توقف بخوان؛ فقط میخواهی خط اصلی داستان را بفهمی. برای هر کلمهی ناآشنا نایست. ۳. خط زمانی بکش: سالها و عبارتهای زمانی (When she was a child، after university، in 2019، Today) را علامت بزن. ۴. دور دوم سؤال را بخوان، کلمهی کلیدیاش را در متن پیدا کن و جملههای اطراف را دقیق بخوان. ۵. در آخر یک جملهی مفید از متن را برای خودت یادداشت کن.
گام ۲ از ۵
زمان فعلها ترتیب داستان را میگویند
| Form in the text | What it shows | معنی در فارسی |
|---|---|---|
| she used to spend / her grandmother would let her | an old habit (not true now) | عادت گذشته: «میگذراند»، «میگذاشت» |
| Anna was walking home | background: an action in progress | پسزمینه: «داشت پیاده میرفت» |
| she passed an empty shop / she stopped | the main events, in order | اتفاقهای اصلی داستان |
| someone had put a sign / she had saved money | something that happened earlier | اتفاقی که قبلتر افتاده بود |
| she has won two prizes / she has never regretted | her life up to now | از گذشته تا امروز |
گام ۳ از ۵
کلمههای کلیدی متن
| Word | معنی | Clue in the text |
|---|---|---|
| weigh (the flour) | وزن کردن | in the kitchen, with flour and eggs |
| for rent | برای اجاره | a sign in the window of an empty shop |
| risk | خطر، ریسک | her father was worried |
| bread rolls | نانهای گرد کوچک | two hundred ... she had to throw them away |
| staff | کارکنان | the bakery has six ... |
| regret | پشیمان بودن | she has never ... her decision |
گام ۴ از ۵
نمونهی حل یک سؤال، با صدای بلند فکر کردن
- Question: Why did Anna feel ready?کلمهی کلیدی ready است. آن را در متن پیدا میکنم: پاراگراف چهارم.
- But Anna had saved some money, and she had been taking evening baking classes for two years, so she felt ready.so یعنی «برای همین»؛ پس دلیلها قبل از so آمدهاند: پول پسانداز کرده بود و دو سال کلاس شبانهی نانوایی رفته بود.
- Answer: She had saved money and taken baking classes.had saved و had been taking نشان میدهند این کارها قبل از تصمیمش انجام شده بودند.
گام ۵ از ۵
دامهای فارسیزبانها در خواندن داستان
۱. «هر شنبه آنجا میرفت» در فارسی ماضی استمراری است، ولی در متن انگلیسی برای عادت گذشته used to و would آمده، نه was going. وقتی was walking میبینی یعنی یک لحظهی مشخص (همان شب)، نه عادت. ۲. had + اسم مفعول را جا نینداز: had already decided یعنی قبل از رسیدن به خانه تصمیمش را گرفته بود. ۳. برای هر کلمهی ناآشنا سراغ دیکشنری نرو؛ اول از کلمههای اطرافش حدس بزن (مثلاً staff با «شش» و «نانوایی» میآید، پس آدماند).
متن شنیداری: From Bank Clerk to Baker
نمایش متن (اول بدون متن گوش بده)
When Anna Clarke was a child, she used to spend every Saturday in her grandmother's kitchen in Bristol. Her grandmother would let her weigh the flour and crack the eggs, and the whole house would smell of fresh bread by lunchtime. "I didn't realise it then," Anna says, "but those mornings were the happiest part of my week." Anna was good at maths, so after university she got a job at a bank. She worked there for twelve years. The money was good, but she often felt tired and bored. "I used to look out of the office window and count the hours until five o'clock," she remembers. Everything changed in 2019. One evening, Anna was walking home from work when she passed an empty shop on her street. Someone had put a small sign in the window: "For rent. Ideal for a café." Anna stopped and read it three times. By the time she got home, she had already decided to leave the bank. Her family was worried. Her father asked her if she had thought about the risk, and her friends told her she was crazy. But Anna had saved some money, and she had been taking evening baking classes for two years, so she felt ready. The first months were very hard. Anna got up at four every morning, and she made a lot of mistakes. Once, she forgot the salt in two hundred bread rolls, and she had to throw them all away. "I cried that day," she laughs. "But the next morning I was back in the kitchen." Slowly, people started to come back again and again. Today, Anna's bakery has six staff, and there is a queue outside the door every Saturday morning. She has won two local prizes for her bread, and she has never regretted her decision. What is her advice for people who are thinking about a big change? "Don't wait for the perfect moment," she says. "It doesn't exist. Start small, learn as much as you can, and be ready to fail a few times."
درسهای این بخش: مهارتها و واژگان B1
- گپ کوتاه (Small talk): شروع، ادامه و پایان مؤدبانه
- شنیدن: گفتوگوهای روزمره و برنامههایی که عوض میشوند
- نظر دادن، موافقت و مخالفت مؤدبانه
- خواندن: داستان زندگی یک نفر (زمانهای روایی در متن واقعی)
- شکایت مؤدبانه: I'm afraid there's a problem with…
- مصاحبهی کاری: Tell me about yourself
- همنشینیها: make، do، take، have
- نوشتن: ایمیل دوستانه و یک داستان کوتاه